Chemical Engineering Volume 1: Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer
Coulson, J. M.
0750644443,9780750644440
Butterworth-Heinemann
1.
Units and Dimensions
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Systems of units
2
1.3
Conversion of units
9
1.4
Dimensional analysis
12
1.5
Buckingham's [Pi] theorem
15
1.6
Redefinition of the length and mass dimensions
20
1.7
Further reading
22
1.8
References
22
1.9
Nomenclature
22
Part 1
Fluid Flow
25
2.
Flow of Fluids -- Energy and Momentum Relationships
27
2.1
Introduction
27
2.2
Internal energy
27
2.3
Types of fluid
30
2.4
The fluid in motion
39
2.5
Pressure-volume relationships
48
2.6
Rotational or vortex motion in a fluid
50
2.7
Further reading
55
2.8
References
56
2.9
Nomenclature
56
3.
Flow of Liquids in Pipes and Open Channels
58
3.1
Introduction
58
3.2
The nature of fluid flow
59
3.3
Newtonian fluids
62
3.4
Non-Newtonian Fluids
103
3.5
Further reading
138
3.6
References
139
3.7
Nomenclature
140
4.
Flow of Compressible Fluids
143
4.1
Introduction
143
4.2
Flow of gas through a nozzle or orifice
143
4.3
Velocity of propagation of a pressure wave
152
4.4
Converging-diverging nozzles for gas flow
154
4.5
Flow in a pipe
158
4.6
Shock waves
174
4.7
Further reading
178
4.8
References
179
4.9
Nomenclature
179
5.
Flow of Multiphase Mixtures
181
5.1
Introduction
181
5.2
Two-phase gas (vapour)-liquid flow
182
5.3
Flow of solids-liquid mixtures
195
5.4
Flow of gas-solids mixtures
213
5.5
Further reading
226
5.6
References
227
5.7
Nomenclature
229
6.
Flow and Pressure Measurement
232
6.1
Introduction
232
6.2
Fluid pressure
233
6.3
Measurement of fluid flow
243
6.4
Further reading
272
6.5
References
272
6.6
Nomenclature
272
7.
Liquid Mixing
274
7.1
Introduction -- types of mixing
274
7.2
Mixing mechanisms
277
7.3
Scale-up of stirred vessels
280
7.4
Power consumption in stirred vessels
282
7.5
Flow patterns in stirred tanks
294
7.6
Rate and time for mixing
298
7.7
Mixing equipment
301
7.8
Mixing in continuous systems
310
7.9
Further reading
311
7.10
References
311
7.11
Nomenclature
312
8.
Pumping of Fluids
314
8.1
Introduction
314
8.2
Pumping equipment for liquids
315
8.3
Pumping equipment for gases
344
8.4
The use of compressed air for pumping
358
8.5
Vacuum pumps
364
8.6
Power requirements for pumping through pipelines
367
8.7
Further reading
376
8.8
References
376
8.9
Nomenclature
377
Part 2
Heat Transfer
379
9.
Heat Transfer
381
9.1
Introduction
381
9.2
Basic considerations
381
9.3
Heat transfer by conduction
387
9.4
Heat transfer by convection
414
9.5
Heat transfer by radiation
438
9.6
Heat transfer in the condensation of vapours
471
9.7
Boiling liquids
482
9.8
Heat transfer in reaction vessels
496
9.9
Shell and tube heat exchangers
503
9.10
Other forms of equipment
540
9.11
Thermal insulation
555
9.12
Further reading
561
9.13
References
562
9.14
Nomenclature
566
Part 3
Mass Transfer
571
10.
Mass Transfer
573
10.1
Introduction
573
10.2
Diffusion in binary gas mixtures
575
10.3
Multicomponent gas-phase systems
593
10.4
Diffusion in liquids
596
10.5
Mass transfer across a phase boundary
599
10.6
Mass transfer and chemical reaction
626
10.7
Mass transfer and chemical reaction in a catalyst pellet
634
10.8
Practical studies of mass transfer
646
10.9
Further reading
654
10.10
References
655
10.11
Nomenclature
656
Part 4
Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer
661
11.
The Boundary Layer
663
11.1
Introduction
663
11.2
The momentum equation
668
11.3
The streamline portion of the boundary layer
670
11.4
The turbulent boundary layer
675
11.5
Boundary layer theory applied to pipe flow
681
11.6
The boundary layer for heat transfer
685
11.7
The boundary layer for mass transfer
691
11.8
Further reading
692
11.9
References
692
11.10
Nomenclature
692
12.
Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer
694
12.1
Introduction
694
12.2
Transfer by molecular diffusion
696
12.3
Eddy transfer
700
12.4
Universal velocity profile
706
12.5
Friction factor for a smooth pipe
713
12.6
Effect of surface roughness on shear stress
715
12.7
Simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer
717
12.8
Reynolds analogy
720
12.9
Further reading
735
12.10
References
735
12.11
Nomenclature
735
13.
Humidification and Water Cooling
738
13.1
Introduction
738
13.2
Humidification terms
739
13.3
Humidity data for the air-water system
746
13.4
Determination of humidity
756
13.5
Humidification and dehumidification
759
13.6
Water cooling
762
13.7
Systems other than air-water
779
13.8
Further reading
785
13.9
References
786
13.10
Nomenclature
787
Appendix
789
A1.
Tables of physical properties
790
A2.
Steam tables
806
A3.
Mathematical tables
815
Fold-out charts
Problems
825
Index
869
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